GCC will check that stack references are within the boundaries of the stack, if the -fstack-check is specified, in one of three ways:
STACK_CHECK_BUILTIN macro is nonzero, GCC
will assume that you have arranged for stack checking to be done at
appropriate places in the configuration files, e.g., in
TARGET_ASM_FUNCTION_PROLOGUE. GCC will do not other special
processing.
STACK_CHECK_BUILTIN is zero and you defined a named pattern
called check_stack in your md file, GCC will call that
pattern with one argument which is the address to compare the stack
value against. You must arrange for this pattern to report an error if
the stack pointer is out of range.
Normally, you will use the default values of these macros, so GCC will use the third approach.
A nonzero value if stack checking is done by the configuration files in a machine-dependent manner. You should define this macro if stack checking is require by the ABI of your machine or if you would like to have to stack checking in some more efficient way than GCC's portable approach. The default value of this macro is zero.
An integer representing the interval at which GCC must generate stack probe instructions. You will normally define this macro to be no larger than the size of the “guard pages” at the end of a stack area. The default value of 4096 is suitable for most systems.
A integer which is nonzero if GCC should perform the stack probe as a load instruction and zero if GCC should use a store instruction. The default is zero, which is the most efficient choice on most systems.
The number of bytes of stack needed to recover from a stack overflow, for languages where such a recovery is supported. The default value of 75 words should be adequate for most machines.
The maximum size of a stack frame, in bytes. GCC will generate probe instructions in non-leaf functions to ensure at least this many bytes of stack are available. If a stack frame is larger than this size, stack checking will not be reliable and GCC will issue a warning. The default is chosen so that GCC only generates one instruction on most systems. You should normally not change the default value of this macro.
GCC uses this value to generate the above warning message. It represents the amount of fixed frame used by a function, not including space for any callee-saved registers, temporaries and user variables. You need only specify an upper bound for this amount and will normally use the default of four words.